What to Teach in 1st, 2nd and 3rd PLUS Top Resources

English Language Arts

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(Grade 2)
a.      Decode short and long vowel sounds in two-syllable words
b.      Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words
c.      Read all common high-frequency words by sight (i.e., always, because, around, been before, best, both, buy, call, cold, does, don’t, fast, first, five, found, gave, goes, green, its, made many, off, or, pull, read, right, sing, sit, sleep, tell, their, these, those, upon, us, use, very, wash, which, why, wish, work, would, write, your)

(Grade 3)
a.    Decode multi-syllabic words
b.    Identify, know the meaning of, and decode words with suffixes
c.    Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words

Math

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Operations and Algebraic Thinking

​a. Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems
b. Solve word problems that call for addition of three whole numbers whose sum is less than or equal to 20
c. Solve word problems by adding 3 whole numbers
d. Use the commutative and associative property of addition
e. Use an addition fact to help answer a subtraction problem
f.  Count to support adding and subtracting
g. Add and subtract facts within 20

Number and Operations in Base Ten

a. Count to 120
b. Tell how many tens and how many ones are in a number
c. Compare two-digit numbers using <, =, and >

Measurement and Data

a. Put three objects in order from longest to shortest
b. Tell the length of an object using whole numbers
c. Identify parts of the day, week, and month
d. Begins to tell and write time using both digital and analog clocks. Tell time to half hour.
e. Understands data, specifically, the total number of data points, how many are in each category and how many more or less there are in a category.
f. Begins to gather, organize, represent and interpret data using tallies, charts, pictographs and bar graphs.
g. Begins to decide most likely outcomes
h. Identify coins and $1 bills; find value of collection of coins.
i. Compare and order objects by length and weight

Geometry

a. Understands the definition of and difference between shapes and creates shapes using this knowledge.
b. Identify, draw, describe, and compare 2-D and 3-D shapes.

Operations and Algebraic Thinking

​a. Use a variety of strategies to solve addition and subtraction word problems
b. Mastering addition and subtraction within 20 using mental stategies

Number and Operations in Base Ten

a. Understand place value: Use hundreds, tens and ones
b. Count to 1,000 using 1s, 5s, 10s and 100s
c. Read and write numbers to 1000 using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form
d. Compare three-digit numbers using <, =, and >
e. Add and subtract three-digit numbers
f.  Add more than two big numbers (two-digit numbers)
g. Add and subtract with regrouping
h. Add and subtract tens and hundreds in their head
i. Explain the need to use addition or subtraction to help them solve problems
j. Begins learning the foundations of multiplication by adding the same number to itself, (for example, 4+4) and grouping together the same number of objects to add up to more.
k. Practices adding together up to four 2-digit numbers by skip counting and adding smaller part of the numbers together.
l. Model, estimate, and solve 3-digit addition and subtraction problems; fact families to 20.

Measurement and Data

a. Use different tools to measure objects
b. Compare the length of an object using two different units of measurement
c. Estimate the lengths of objects
d. Compare length, weight, area, and volume of objects
e. Use addition and subtraction to solve measurement problems
f. Create and use a number line
g. Begins to measures objects using appropriate tools and uses different units of measurement. (For example, inches and centimeters.)
h. Estimates an object’s measurement and measures how much longer one object is than another.
i. Begins to identify and model common fractions as parts of wholes/groups and on a number line. (halves, thirds, fourths)
j. Identify value of and represent varying amounts of coins and bills; find value of collection up to $5.00.
k. Begins to solve word problems involving money.
l. Tells time using analog and digital clocks telling time to a quarter of an hour.
m. Gather, organize, create/represent, and interpret data using tallies, charts, pictographs, and bar graphs.

Geometry

a. Recognizes triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, and cubes and their defining characteristics, such as the number of angles and faces.
b. Describe attributes of 2-D and 3-D shapes; identify, draw, describe, and compare 2-D shapes

Operations and Algebraic Thinking

​a. Understands multiplication by thinking about groups of objects (e.g., interpret 5 × 7 as the total number of objects in 5 groups of 7 objects each).
b. Understands division by thinking about how one group can be divided into smaller groups (e.g., interpret 56 ÷ 8 as the number of objects in each share when 56 objects are partitioned equally into 8 shares)
c. Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems
d. Use the commutative and associative property of multiplication
e. Use the distributive property of multiplication
f. Find the answer to a division problem by thinking of the missing factor in a multiplication problem (e.g., I can figure out 32 ÷ 8 = because I know that 8 x 4 =32)
g. Name, write, model, order, and compare numbers through 9,999; identify the value of the digits.
h. Rounds numbers up to 1,000
i. Memoriztion of all single-digit multiplication facts (facts through 10×10)

Number and Operations – Fractions

a. Mastery – Show and understand that fractions are equal parts of a whole
b. Mastery – Label fractions on a number line because the space between any two numbers can be thought of as a whole
c. Explain in words or pictures how two fractions can sometimes be equal
d. Compare fractions by reasoning about their size
e. Show whole numbers as fractions (3 = 3/1)
f. Recognize fractions that are equal to one whole (1 = 4/4)

Measurement and Data

a. Tell and write time to the nearest minute
b. Measure time in minutes
c. Solves increasingly difficult time word problems by adding and subtracting minutes
d. Measure liquids and solids using both standard (inches, feet, yards, ounces, cups, gallons) and metric (liters, grams and kilograms, mm, cm, meters)
e. Use addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to solve word problems involving mass and volume

Geometry

a. Area of plane shapes can be measured in square units
b. Measure areas by counting unit squares (e.g., square cm, square m, square in, square ft, and improvised units)
c. Understand attributes of length, area, and weight; find area and perimeter of rectangles.
d. Can figure out the area of an object using multiplication and addition and specifically by multiplying the lengths of the sides of an object
e. Begins learning to Identify and describe angles and lines.
f. Identify and draw lines of symmetry.

Science

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General:

a. Explores, observes and experiments with the world around him/her
b. Asks scientific questions and finds the answers to his/her questions
c. Begins to learn how to collect and uses data to support experiments and what he/she learns
d. Begins to record what is seen and laned both orally and in writing
e. Begins to display the ability to make predictions and conclusions
f. Identify tools/machines used for specific purposes (e.g. magnifying glass, magnetic compass)
h. Classify objects as living, nonliving, or once living

Light and Sound

a. Plan and conduct investigations collaboratively to provide evidence that vibrating materials can make sound and that sound can make materials vibrate
b. Plan and conduct an investigation to determine the effect of placing objects made with different materials in the path of a beam of light
c. Make observations (firsthand or from media) to construct an evidence-based account that objects can be seen only when illuminated

Matter

a. Classify and group solid objects by size, shape, color, and texture and liquids by color and texture.
b. Describe air as a mixture of gases and wind as moving air.

Life 

a. Identify what plants and animals need to survive
b. Identify basic parts of plants and animals
b. Investigate how humans, plants and animals use external parts to help them survive, grow and meet their needs.
c. Discuss and Investigate a solution to a human problem by mimicking how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs
d. Begin to discover the sequence of life cycles (plants and animals)

Earth and Space  

a. Understand that the earth revolves around the sun each year and rotates on its axis every 24 hours; connect this to day/night
b. Make observations at different times of year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year
c. Recognize earth as part of the solar system

General:

a. Continues to explores, observes and experiments with the world around him/her
b. Continues to ask scientific questions and finds the answers to his/her questions
c. Continues to grow in his/her ability to collect and uses data to support experiments and what he/she learns
d. Continues to grow in his/her ability to record what is seen and laned both orally and in writing
e. Continues to grow in his/her ability to display the ability to make predictions and conclusions

Life

a. Make observations of plants and animals to compare the diversity of life in different habitats
b. Describe what living things need to survive; identify ways in which their habitats provide for their basic needs; classify plants and animals by habitats.
c. Develop a simple model that illustrates how plants and animals depend on each other for survival
d. Continue to learn more about different life cycles (plants and animals)
d. Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool
e. Compare the characteristics of different types of dinosaurs

Matter

a. Classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas; describe properties of each state; recognize that solids have a definite shape and that liquid, or gases take the shape of their container.
b. Understand that matter can change (e.g. water as a vapor, liquid, or solid)
c. Describe how water can change state; describe melting, boiling, freezing, condensing, and evaporating
Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose
d. Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties
e. Make observations to construct an evidence-based account of how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and made into a new object

Earth and Space 

a. Use information from several sources to provide evidence that Earth events can occur quickly or slowly
b. Obtain information to identify where water is found on Earth and that shows it can be solid or liquid
c. Recognize that fossils provide information about living things that inhabited the earth years before.
d. Describe weather changes from day to day and over the seasons; identify factors that affect weather; describe how plants and animals adjust to seasonal weather changes

General:

a. Continues to explores, observes and experiments with the world around him/her
b. Continues to ask scientific questions and finds the answers to his/her questions
c. Continues to grow in his/her ability to collect and uses data to support experiments and what he/she learns
d. Continues to grow in his/her ability to record what is seen and laned both orally and in writing
e. Continues to grow in his/her ability to display the ability to make predictions and conclusions

Life

a. Continue to grow in the understanding of the diversity of life (plants and animals), habitats and life cycles
b. Construct an argument that some animals form groups that help members survive
c. Construct an argument with evidence that in a particular habitat some organisms can survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all
d. Use evidence to support the explanation that traits can be influenced by the environment
e. Use evidence to construct an explanation for how the variations in characteristics among individuals of the same species may provide advantages in surviving

Matter

a. Explore magnets: Classify and sort objects that are attracted by and not attracted by magnets.
b. Ask questions to determine cause and effect relationships of electric or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with each other. Describe how a magnetic force makes objects move.
c. Define a simple design problem that can be solved by applying scientific ideas about magnetism
d. Explore motion: Make observations and/or a measurement of an object’s motion to provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion
e. Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object
f. Explore forms of energy
g. Identify and give examples of basic forms of energy; explain how energy can be transformed from one form to another
h. Classify objects that transmit heat; describe how heat travels through different types of matter; describe how heat can change states of matter

Earth and Space 

a. Plan and conduct an investigation to determine the connections between weather and water processes in Earth systems
b. Represent data in tables and graphical displays to describe typical weather conditions expected during a season
c. Obtain and combine information to describe climates in different regions of the world
e. Learn and explain the phases of the moon

Social Studies

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Family

a. Create personal timelines of their life, school year, and family events with the help of family members
b. Demonstrate an understanding of sequence and chronology and share their timelines with each other
c. Learn how families may/will change over time, and ways family growth and change can be documented and recorded
d. Discuss and demonstrate understanding the afmailies long ago have similarities and differences from us today. Compare and contrast
e. Identify characteristics htat have been passed on through generations
f. Understand, sequence and use chronological terms when describing family events.

Community  

a. Begins learning about community through exploration and discussion of the various communities in which they live.
b. Discuss and learn the basics of what makes up a town/city
c. Discuss and learn about community helpers

Geography

a. Begin discussing and learning about basic land features such as bodies of water, mountains, etc. 

History Sources

a. Be exposed to various historical sources, including artifacts, letters, maps, photos, and newspapers
b. Be exposted to oral histories, biographies, and family timelines relate family histories
c. Interview family members to learn about their family histories and develop a family timeline as an extension of their personal timeline
d. Describe the main characters and qualities after listening to biographies and legends

Citizenship / Government

a. Introduce the importance of rules (both within the home, classroom and community)

Documenation

a. Writes and illustrates to communicate what is being learned

Community / Nation / World

a.  Construct timelines of historical events in their community and other important events such as when their home and/or school was built
b. Explore the cultural diversity of their local community by identifying activities that have been introduced by different cultural groups over time
c. Examine continuities and changes over time in their community using evidence such as maps, photographs, newspapers, biographies, artifacts and other historical materials
d. Explore cause and effect relationshps when communities change, (e.g., cars and the growth of suburbs, growing populations, loss of farms)
e. Compares his/her own community with others, specifically with an appreciation for valuing difference and multiculturalism
f. Learns about national holidays and important events and days.
g. Identify the symbols, icons, and traditions of the nation
h. Begin learning about various cultures (specifically ones that may be represented within their locale) and in relation to the country in which they are found

Geography

a. Begins using maps to locate his/her own comunity, state, nation, continents and oceans
b. Identify and discuss the concepts of direction and go into more depth of basic geographic landforms
c. Studies and uses maps to gain a deeper understanding of geography and how geography affects a community, state, and nation
d. Begins exploring the location of some countries within the world and major geographic landforms (typically in relation to cultural studies)

History Sources

a. Continue exposure to various historical sources, including artifacts, letters, maps, photos, and newspapers
b. Be exposted to and learn important, basic information about historical figures of the community and most noteable national leaders and other historical figures
c. Begin to explore the role of technology and media in researching
d. Begins to be exposed to and use different media such as literature, art, writing, film and museum visits to deepen his/her understanding of concepts and portrays what he/she has learned.

Citizenship / Government

a. Gains a greater understanding of the importance of rules, citizenship and (new concept) democracy.
b. Explains general, broad concepts of rights, responsibilities and leadership
c. Learns more about government, its roles and how its officials are chosen (very basic)

Documenation

a. Creates work to represent what has been learned, using writing, illustrations and graphic organizers such as Venn diagrams and T-charts.

Community / Nation / World

a. Continues to learn about national holidays and important events and days
b. Continues to learn more about the nations symbols, icons, and traditions
c. Continues to learns more about local, state and national government – roles, responsibilities and how official are chosen
d. Continues using maps (comunity, state, nation and world) in more detail
e. Expanded learning of addition countries and their differing cultures
f. Learns about basic financial needs, such as how different communities support and sustain themselves
g. Compares both the similarities and differences between different cultures with an emphasis on accepting and understanding why these differences exist.

Economy

a. Identify and discuss basic economic principles of buying and selling

Geography (Geographic Factors & Environment) 

a. Examine the geographic factors of selected world community, including physical features and climate, noting how certain factors are likely to support settlement and larger populations
b. Investigate the lifestyle of the people who live in each of the selected world communities and how the lifestyles have been influenced by geographic factors
c. Examine how each selected world community has adapted to and/or modified its environment to meet its needs
d. Investigate how human activities and the use of technology have altered the environment, bringing about unintended consequences for each of the selected world communities and their own community
e. Explore actions that are being taken to protect the environment in the selected world communities and in their own community

History Sources

a. Continue exposure to various historical sources, including artifacts, letters, maps, photos, and newspapers
b. Be exposted to and learn important about historical figures of different communities, occupations and within the world
c. Use technology along with different media (such as literature, art, writing, film and museum visits) to deepen his/her understanding of concepts and to perform his/her own research

Citizenship / Government

a. Discuss how U.S. government is based on democratic principles
b. Disucss how the fundamental principles of other governments may be similar or different from those of the U.S.
c. Examine the type of government found in each of the at least two other selected world communities and compare and contrast them with the U.S. government
d. Examine different processes of selecting leaders, solving problems, and making decisions in nations and communities and compare and contrast them to the process used in the U.S.
e. Examine how the government maintains order, keeps people safe, and makes and enforces rules and laws in each selected world community and compare and contrast it with the process in the U.S. as well as in selected world communities

Documenation

a. Creates work to represent what has been learned, using more in-depth writing techniques, illustrations and graphic organizers such as Venn diagrams and T-charts.